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		<title>Dominican Day Parade August 2025</title>
		<link>https://goodnewsplanet.com/dominican-day-parade-august-2025/</link>
		
		<dc:creator><![CDATA[Austin Tang]]></dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Tue, 12 Aug 2025 19:29:49 +0000</pubDate>
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					<description><![CDATA[<p>Listen to &#8220;Dominican Day Parade August 2025 part 1&#8221; on Spreaker. Listen to &#8220;Dominican Day Parade August 2025 part 2&#8221; on Spreaker. Listen to &#8220;Dominican Day Parade August 2025 Part 3&#8221; on Spreaker. Listen to &#8220;Dominican Day Parade August 2025 Part 4&#8221; on Spreaker. Listen to &#8220;Dominican Day Parade August 2025&#8221; on Spreaker. Listen to &#8230;</p>
<p>The post <a href="https://goodnewsplanet.com/dominican-day-parade-august-2025/">Dominican Day Parade August 2025</a> appeared first on <a href="https://goodnewsplanet.com">Good News!</a>.</p>
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										<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p style="text-align: center;"><iframe title="YouTube video player" src="https://www.youtube.com/embed/tHffPNc21nA?si=-hKZqdxfnmkEc4VR" width="750" height="480" frameborder="0" allowfullscreen="allowfullscreen"></iframe><br />
<a class="spreaker-player" href="https://www.spreaker.com/episode/dominican-day-parade-august-2025-part-1--67348225" data-resource="episode_id=67348225" data-width="100%" data-height="200px" data-theme="light" data-playlist="false" data-playlist-continuous="false" data-chapters-image="true" data-episode-image-position="right" data-hide-logo="false" data-hide-likes="false" data-hide-comments="false" data-hide-sharing="false" data-hide-download="true" data-title="Dominican Day Parade August 2025 part 1">Listen to &#8220;Dominican Day Parade August 2025 part 1&#8221; on Spreaker.</a><br />
<iframe title="YouTube video player" src="https://www.youtube.com/embed/gim4e8i_WCY?si=q0-OYwdsf9jR2bwD" width="750" height="480" frameborder="0" allowfullscreen="allowfullscreen"></iframe><br />
<a class="spreaker-player" href="https://www.spreaker.com/episode/dominican-day-parade-august-2025-part-2--67348230" data-resource="episode_id=67348230" data-width="100%" data-height="200px" data-theme="light" data-playlist="false" data-playlist-continuous="false" data-chapters-image="true" data-episode-image-position="right" data-hide-logo="false" data-hide-likes="false" data-hide-comments="false" data-hide-sharing="false" data-hide-download="true" data-title="Dominican Day Parade August 2025 part 2">Listen to &#8220;Dominican Day Parade August 2025 part 2&#8221; on Spreaker.</a><br />
<iframe title="YouTube video player" src="https://www.youtube.com/embed/u9kYL-jJYt4?si=B4jfBRucRtO4cqjM" width="750" height="480" frameborder="0" allowfullscreen="allowfullscreen"></iframe><br />
<a class="spreaker-player" href="https://www.spreaker.com/episode/dominican-day-parade-august-2025-part-3--67348224" data-resource="episode_id=67348224" data-width="100%" data-height="200px" data-theme="light" data-playlist="false" data-playlist-continuous="false" data-chapters-image="true" data-episode-image-position="right" data-hide-logo="false" data-hide-likes="false" data-hide-comments="false" data-hide-sharing="false" data-hide-download="true" data-title="Dominican Day Parade August 2025 Part 3">Listen to &#8220;Dominican Day Parade August 2025 Part 3&#8221; on Spreaker.</a><br />
<iframe loading="lazy" title="YouTube video player" src="https://www.youtube.com/embed/nEVHj4EOQ_A?si=AlWJctreJx4m_cc-" width="750" height="480" frameborder="0" allowfullscreen="allowfullscreen"></iframe><br />
<a class="spreaker-player" href="https://www.spreaker.com/episode/dominican-day-parade-august-2025-part-4--67348229" data-resource="episode_id=67348229" data-width="100%" data-height="200px" data-theme="light" data-playlist="false" data-playlist-continuous="false" data-chapters-image="true" data-episode-image-position="right" data-hide-logo="false" data-hide-likes="false" data-hide-comments="false" data-hide-sharing="false" data-hide-download="true" data-title="Dominican Day Parade August 2025 Part 4">Listen to &#8220;Dominican Day Parade August 2025 Part 4&#8221; on Spreaker.</a><br />
<iframe loading="lazy" title="YouTube video player" src="https://www.youtube.com/embed/zO_vtrQXWoM?si=wNrYbEe0rblb_nrY" width="750" height="480" frameborder="0" allowfullscreen="allowfullscreen"></iframe><br />
<a class="spreaker-player" href="https://www.spreaker.com/episode/dominican-day-parade-august-2025--67348226" data-resource="episode_id=67348226" data-width="100%" data-height="200px" data-theme="light" data-playlist="false" data-playlist-continuous="false" data-chapters-image="true" data-episode-image-position="right" data-hide-logo="false" data-hide-likes="false" data-hide-comments="false" data-hide-sharing="false" data-hide-download="true" data-title="Dominican Day Parade August 2025">Listen to &#8220;Dominican Day Parade August 2025&#8221; on Spreaker.</a><br />
<iframe loading="lazy" title="YouTube video player" src="https://www.youtube.com/embed/0eacbibqSMs?si=NbQOQxG4tmT4PNyD" width="750" height="480" frameborder="0" allowfullscreen="allowfullscreen"></iframe><br />
<a class="spreaker-player" href="https://www.spreaker.com/episode/dominican-day-parade-august-2025-part-6--67348228" data-resource="episode_id=67348228" data-width="100%" data-height="200px" data-theme="light" data-playlist="false" data-playlist-continuous="false" data-chapters-image="true" data-episode-image-position="right" data-hide-logo="false" data-hide-likes="false" data-hide-comments="false" data-hide-sharing="false" data-hide-download="true" data-title="Dominican Day Parade August 2025 Part 6">Listen to &#8220;Dominican Day Parade August 2025 Part 6&#8221; on Spreaker.</a><br />
<iframe loading="lazy" title="YouTube video player" src="https://www.youtube.com/embed/1Fl8xlaMJ2Q?si=_7yhlMRWu3qKmV5O" width="750" height="480" frameborder="0" allowfullscreen="allowfullscreen"></iframe><br />
<a class="spreaker-player" href="https://www.spreaker.com/episode/dominican-day-parade-august-2025-part-7--67348227" data-resource="episode_id=67348227" data-width="100%" data-height="200px" data-theme="light" data-playlist="false" data-playlist-continuous="false" data-chapters-image="true" data-episode-image-position="right" data-hide-logo="false" data-hide-likes="false" data-hide-comments="false" data-hide-sharing="false" data-hide-download="true" data-title="Dominican Day Parade August 2025 Part 7">Listen to &#8220;Dominican Day Parade August 2025 Part 7&#8221; on Spreaker.</a></p>
<p style="text-align: center;"><iframe loading="lazy" title="YouTube video player" src="https://www.youtube.com/embed/NUQB0JcZ9Pc?si=-7RXOJC2AnC2bL17" width="750" height="480" frameborder="0" allowfullscreen="allowfullscreen"></iframe><br />
<a class="spreaker-player" href="https://www.spreaker.com/episode/dominican-day-parade-august-2025--67334299" data-resource="episode_id=67334299" data-width="100%" data-height="200px" data-theme="light" data-playlist="false" data-playlist-continuous="false" data-chapters-image="true" data-episode-image-position="right" data-hide-logo="false" data-hide-likes="false" data-hide-comments="false" data-hide-sharing="false" data-hide-download="true" data-title="Dominican Day Parade August 2025">Listen to &#8220;Dominican Day Parade August 2025&#8221; on Spreaker.</a><br />
<a href="https://goodnewsplanet.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/08/dominican_day_parade_25.jpg"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" class="size-full wp-image-87683 aligncenter" src="https://goodnewsplanet.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/08/dominican_day_parade_25.jpg" alt="" width="612" height="405" srcset="https://goodnewsplanet.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/08/dominican_day_parade_25.jpg 612w, https://goodnewsplanet.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/08/dominican_day_parade_25-300x199.jpg 300w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 612px) 100vw, 612px" /></a></p>
<p>The <b>National Dominican Day Parade</b> in <a title="New York City" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_York_City">New York City</a> is a parade organized by people of <a title="Dominicans" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dominicans">Dominican</a> heritage in the city. The event started in 1982 as a local celebration with concerts and cultural events in the <a title="Washington Heights, Manhattan" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Washington_Heights,_Manhattan">Washington Heights</a> section of <a title="Manhattan" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Manhattan">Manhattan</a>. Organized by <a title="Dominican Americans" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dominican_Americans">Dominican American</a> community leaders, the parade is held annually in August on <a title="Sixth Avenue" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sixth_Avenue">6th Avenue</a>.</p>
<p>Similar parades to celebrate the culture of the <a title="Dominican Republic" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dominican_Republic">Dominican Republic</a> are also held every year in <a title="Haverstraw, New York" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Haverstraw,_New_York">Haverstraw, New York</a>, <a title="Paterson, New Jersey" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paterson,_New_Jersey">Paterson, New Jersey</a>, <a title="Boston" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boston">Boston</a>, <a title="Lawrence, Massachusetts" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lawrence,_Massachusetts">Lawrence, Massachusetts</a>, <a title="Philadelphia" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Philadelphia">Philadelphia</a>, <a title="Providence, Rhode Island" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Providence,_Rhode_Island">Providence, Rhode Island</a>, and along the <a title="Grand Concourse (Bronx)" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grand_Concourse_(Bronx)">Grand Concourse</a> in <a title="The Bronx" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Bronx">The Bronx</a>.</p>
<p>&nbsp;</p>
<p>#DominicanDayParade #DDP2025</p>
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		<post-id xmlns="com-wordpress:feed-additions:1">87682</post-id>	</item>
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		<title>Mauro F. Guillén is one of the most original thinkers at the Wharton School&#8230;</title>
		<link>https://goodnewsplanet.com/mauro-f-guillen-is-one-of-the-most-original-thinkers-at-the-wharton-school/</link>
		
		<dc:creator><![CDATA[Austin Tang]]></dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Tue, 13 Oct 2020 17:36:04 +0000</pubDate>
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					<description><![CDATA[<p>where he holds the Zandman Professorship in International Management and teaches in its flagship Advanced Management Program and many other courses for executives, MBAs, and undergraduates. An expert on global market trends, he is a sought-after speaker and consultant. He combines his training as a sociologist at Yale and as a business economist in his &#8230;</p>
<p>The post <a href="https://goodnewsplanet.com/mauro-f-guillen-is-one-of-the-most-original-thinkers-at-the-wharton-school/">Mauro F. Guillén is one of the most original thinkers at the Wharton School&#8230;</a> appeared first on <a href="https://goodnewsplanet.com">Good News!</a>.</p>
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where he holds the Zandman Professorship in International Management and teaches in its flagship Advanced Management Program and many other courses for executives, MBAs, and undergraduates. An expert on global market trends, he is a sought-after speaker and consultant. He combines his training as a sociologist at Yale and as a business economist in his native Spain to methodically identify and quantify the most promising opportunities at the intersection of demographic, economic and technological developments. His online classes on Coursera and edXhave attracted over 100,000 participants from around the world. He has won multiple teaching awards at Wharton, where his presentation on global market trends has become a permanent feature of over fifty executive education programs annually.</p>
<p>His research, teaching, and speaking incorporates both numerical assessments of trends and illuminating examples from business, politics, and everyday life. He shows in accessible terms that one can accurately forecast trends by systematically following the babies and following the money into the future.  His research has earned him many distinctions, including Fulgright, Rockefeller and Guggenheim fellowships, a membership in the Institute for Advanced Study in Princeton, and prizes from the Academy of Management, the American Sociological Association, the Social Science History Association, and the Gustavus Myers Center for the Study of Bigotry and Human Rights. He is an elected member of the Sociological Research Association and the MacroOrganizational Behavior Society.</p>
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		<title>Saint Patrick&#8217;s Day</title>
		<link>https://goodnewsplanet.com/saint-patricks-day-2/</link>
		
		<dc:creator><![CDATA[admin]]></dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Fri, 16 Mar 2018 13:42:39 +0000</pubDate>
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					<description><![CDATA[<p>Saint Patrick&#8217;s Day or the Feast of Saint Patrick (Irish: Lá Fhéile Pádraig, &#8220;the Day of the Festival of Patrick&#8221;) is a cultural and religious holiday celebrated annually on 17 March, the death date of the most commonly-recognised patron saint of Ireland, Saint Patrick (c. AD 385–461). Saint Patrick&#8217;s Day was made an official Christian feast day in the early seventeenth century and is observed by the Catholic Church, the Anglican &#8230;</p>
<p>The post <a href="https://goodnewsplanet.com/saint-patricks-day-2/">Saint Patrick&#8217;s Day</a> appeared first on <a href="https://goodnewsplanet.com">Good News!</a>.</p>
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										<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p><b><a href="http://goodnewsplanet.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/03/st_patricks.png"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" class="alignleft  wp-image-40963" style="border: 5px solid black; margin-left: 10px; margin-right: 10px;" alt="st_patricks" src="http://goodnewsplanet.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/03/st_patricks.png" width="555" height="266" srcset="https://goodnewsplanet.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/03/st_patricks.png 925w, https://goodnewsplanet.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/03/st_patricks-300x144.png 300w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 555px) 100vw, 555px" /></a>Saint Patrick&#8217;s Day</b> or the <b>Feast of Saint Patrick</b> (<a title="Irish language" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Irish_language">Irish</a>: <i>Lá Fhéile Pádraig</i>, &#8220;the Day of the Festival of Patrick&#8221;) is a cultural and religious <a title="Holiday" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Holiday">holiday</a> celebrated annually on 17 March, the death date of the most commonly-recognised <a title="Patron saint" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Patron_saint">patron saint</a> of <a title="Ireland" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ireland">Ireland</a>, <a title="Saint Patrick" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saint_Patrick">Saint Patrick</a> (<abbr title="circa">c.</abbr> AD 385–461).</p>
<p>Saint Patrick&#8217;s Day was made an official Christian <a title="Calendar of saints" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Calendar_of_saints">feast day</a> in the early seventeenth century and is observed by the <a title="Catholic Church" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Catholic_Church">Catholic Church</a>, the <a title="Anglican Communion" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anglican_Communion">Anglican Communion</a> (especially the <a title="Church of Ireland" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Church_of_Ireland">Church of Ireland</a>),<sup id="cite_ref-4"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saint_Patrick's_Day#cite_note-4">[4]</a></sup> the <a title="Eastern Orthodox Church" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eastern_Orthodox_Church">Eastern Orthodox Church</a> and <a title="Lutheranism" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lutheranism">Lutheran Church</a>. The day commemorates Saint Patrick and the arrival of <a title="Christianity in Ireland" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Christianity_in_Ireland">Christianity in Ireland</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-Arrival_of_Christianity_in_Ireland_3-1"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saint_Patrick's_Day#cite_note-Arrival_of_Christianity_in_Ireland-3">[3]</a></sup> as well as celebrates the <a title="Culture of Ireland" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Culture_of_Ireland">heritage and culture</a> of <a title="Irish people" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Irish_people">the Irish</a> in general.<sup id="cite_ref-Irish_Culture_1_5-0"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saint_Patrick's_Day#cite_note-Irish_Culture_1-5">[5]</a></sup> Celebrations generally involve public parades and festivals, <a title="Céilidh" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/C%C3%A9ilidh">céilithe</a>, and the wearing of green attire or <a title="Shamrock" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shamrock">shamrocks</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Irish_Culture_2_6-0"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saint_Patrick's_Day#cite_note-Irish_Culture_2-6">[6]</a></sup>Christians also attend <a title="Church service" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Church_service">church services</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-Irish_Culture_1_5-1"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saint_Patrick's_Day#cite_note-Irish_Culture_1-5">[5]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Irish_Culture_5_7-0"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saint_Patrick's_Day#cite_note-Irish_Culture_5-7">[7]</a></sup> and the <a title="Lenten" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lenten">Lenten</a> restrictions <a title="Christian fasting" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Christian_fasting">on eating</a> and <a title="Christianity and alcohol" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Christianity_and_alcohol">drinking alcohol</a> are lifted for the day, which has encouraged and propagated the holiday&#8217;s tradition of alcohol consumption.<sup id="cite_ref-Irish_Culture_1_5-2"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saint_Patrick's_Day#cite_note-Irish_Culture_1-5">[5]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Irish_Culture_2_6-1"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saint_Patrick's_Day#cite_note-Irish_Culture_2-6">[6]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Irish_Culture_3_8-0"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saint_Patrick's_Day#cite_note-Irish_Culture_3-8">[8]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Irish_Culture_4_9-0"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saint_Patrick's_Day#cite_note-Irish_Culture_4-9">[9]</a></sup></p>
<p>Saint Patrick&#8217;s Day is a public holiday in the <a title="Republic of Ireland" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Republic_of_Ireland">Republic of Ireland</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-10"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saint_Patrick's_Day#cite_note-10">[10]</a></sup> <a title="Northern Ireland" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Northern_Ireland">Northern Ireland</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-11"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saint_Patrick's_Day#cite_note-11">[11]</a></sup> <a title="Newfoundland and Labrador" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Newfoundland_and_Labrador">Newfoundland and Labrador</a> and <a title="Montserrat" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Montserrat">Montserrat</a>. It is also widely celebrated by the <a title="Irish diaspora" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Irish_diaspora">Irish diaspora</a> around the world; especially in Britain, Canada, the United States, Argentina, Australia and New Zealand.</p>
<h2><span style="text-decoration: underline;">Saint Patrick</span></h2>
<div>Main article: <a title="Saint Patrick" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saint_Patrick">Saint Patrick</a></div>
<p>Little is known of Patrick&#8217;s early life, though it is known that he was born in Roman Britain in the fourth century, into a wealthy<a title="Romano-British" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Romano-British">Romano-British</a> family. His father was a <a title="Deacon" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Deacon">deacon</a> and his grandfather was a <a title="Priest" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Priest">priest</a> in the Christian church. At the age of sixteen, he was kidnapped by Irish raiders and taken captive to Ireland as a slave.<sup id="cite_ref-12"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saint_Patrick's_Day#cite_note-12">[12]</a></sup> It is believed he was held somewhere on the west coast of Ireland, possibly Mayo, but the exact location is unknown. According to his Confession, he was told by God in a dream to flee from captivity to the coast, where he would board a ship and return to Britain. Upon returning, he quickly joined the Church in Auxerre in Gaul and studied to be a priest.<sup><br />
</sup></p>
<p>In 432, he again said that he was called back to Ireland, though as a bishop, to <a title="Christianization" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Christianization">Christianise</a> the Irish from their <a title="Celtic polytheism" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Celtic_polytheism">native polytheism</a>. Irish folklore tells that one of his teaching methods included using the <a title="Shamrock" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shamrock">shamrock</a> to explain the Christian doctrine of the <a title="Trinity" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trinity">Trinity</a> to the Irish people. After nearly thirty years of <a title="Evangelism" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Evangelism">evangelism</a>, he died on 17 March 461, and according to tradition, was buried at Downpatrick. Although there were other more successful missions to Ireland from Rome, Patrick endured as the principal champion of Irish Christianity and is held in esteem in the <a title="Catholicism in Ireland" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Catholicism_in_Ireland">Irish church</a>.</p>
<h2><span style="text-decoration: underline;">Celebration and traditions</span></h2>
<h3><span style="text-decoration: underline;">Wearing of the green</span></h3>
<p>Originally, the colour associated with Saint Patrick was <a title="St. Patrick's blue" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/St._Patrick%27s_blue">blue</a>. Over the years the colour green and its association with Saint Patrick&#8217;s Day grew.<sup id="cite_ref-history.com_13-0"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saint_Patrick's_Day#cite_note-history.com-13">[13]</a></sup> Green ribbons and <a title="Shamrock" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shamrock">shamrocks</a> were worn in celebration of St Patrick&#8217;s Day as early as the 17th century.<sup id="cite_ref-14"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saint_Patrick's_Day#cite_note-14">[14]</a></sup> Saint Patrick is said to have used the shamrock, a three-leaved plant, to explain the <a title="Holy Trinity" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Holy_Trinity">Holy Trinity</a> to the <a title="Celtic polytheism" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Celtic_polytheism">pagan Irish</a>, and the ubiquitous wearing and display of shamrocks and shamrock-inspired designs has become a feature of the day.<sup id="cite_ref-natgeo_15-0"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saint_Patrick's_Day#cite_note-natgeo-15">[15]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-16"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saint_Patrick's_Day#cite_note-16">[16]</a></sup> In the <a title="Irish Rebellion of 1798" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Irish_Rebellion_of_1798">1798 rebellion</a>, to make a political statement, Irish soldiers wore full green uniforms on 17 March in hopes of catching public attention.<sup id="cite_ref-history.com_13-1"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saint_Patrick's_Day#cite_note-history.com-13">[13]</a></sup> The phrase &#8220;the wearing of the green&#8221;, meaning to wear a shamrock on one&#8217;s clothing, derives from a <a title="The Wearing of the Green" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Wearing_of_the_Green">song of the same name</a>.</p>
<h3><span style="text-decoration: underline;">Celebrations by region</span></h3>
<h4>Ireland</h4>
<p>Saint Patrick&#8217;s feast day, as a kind of national day, was already being celebrated by the Irish in Europe in the ninth and tenth centuries. In later times he became more and more widely known as the patron of Ireland.<sup id="cite_ref-17"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saint_Patrick's_Day#cite_note-17">[17]</a></sup> Saint Patrick&#8217;s <a title="Feast day" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Feast_day">feast day</a> was finally placed on the universal <a title="Liturgical calendar" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Liturgical_calendar">liturgical calendar</a> in the Catholic Church due to the influence of <a title="Waterford" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Waterford">Waterford</a>-born <a title="Franciscan" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Franciscan">Franciscan</a> scholar <a title="Luke Wadding" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Luke_Wadding">Luke Wadding</a><sup id="cite_ref-18"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saint_Patrick's_Day#cite_note-18">[18]</a></sup> in the early 1600s. Saint Patrick&#8217;s Day thus became a <a title="Holy day of obligation" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Holy_day_of_obligation">holy day of obligation</a> for Roman Catholics in Ireland. It is also a feast day in the <a title="Church of Ireland" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Church_of_Ireland">Church of Ireland</a>. The church calendar avoids the observance of saints&#8217; feasts during certain solemnities, moving the saint&#8217;s day to a time outside those periods. Saint Patrick&#8217;s Day is occasionally affected by this requirement, when 17 March falls during <a title="Holy Week" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Holy_Week">Holy Week</a>. This happened in 1940, when Saint Patrick&#8217;s Day was observed on 3 April in order to avoid it coinciding with <a title="Palm Sunday" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Palm_Sunday">Palm Sunday</a>, and again in 2008, where it was officially observed on 14 March. Saint Patrick&#8217;s Day will not fall within Holy Week again until 2160.<sup id="cite_ref-19"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saint_Patrick's_Day#cite_note-19">[19]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-20"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saint_Patrick's_Day#cite_note-20">[20]</a></sup> However, the secular celebration is always held on 17 March.</p>
<p>In 1903, Saint Patrick&#8217;s Day became an official public holiday in Ireland. This was thanks to the Bank Holiday (Ireland) Act 1903, an act of the United Kingdom Parliament introduced by Irish Member of Parliament <a title="James O'Mara" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/James_O%27Mara">James O&#8217;Mara</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-omara1_21-0"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saint_Patrick's_Day#cite_note-omara1-21">[21]</a></sup> O&#8217;Mara later introduced the law that required that pubs and bars be closed on 17 March after drinking got out of hand, a provision that was repealed in the 1970s. The first Saint Patrick&#8217;s Day parade held in the <a title="Irish Free State" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Irish_Free_State">Irish Free State</a>was held in <a title="Dublin" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dublin">Dublin</a> in 1931 and was reviewed by the then Minister of Defence <a title="Desmond FitzGerald (politician)" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Desmond_FitzGerald_(politician)">Desmond Fitzgerald</a>.</p>
<p>In the mid-1990s the government of the <a title="Republic of Ireland" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Republic_of_Ireland">Republic of Ireland</a> began a campaign to use Saint Patrick&#8217;s Day to showcase Ireland and its culture.<sup id="cite_ref-hist_22-0"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saint_Patrick's_Day#cite_note-hist-22">[22]</a></sup> The government set up a group called St Patrick&#8217;s Festival, with the aims:</p>
<blockquote>
<ul>
<li>To offer a national festival that ranks amongst all of the greatest celebration in the world</li>
<li>To create energy and excitement throughout Ireland via innovation, creativity, grassroots involvement, and marketing activity</li>
<li>To provide the opportunity and motivation for people of Irish descent (and those who sometimes wish they were Irish) to attend and join in the imaginative and expressive celebrations</li>
<li>To project, internationally, an accurate image of Ireland as a creative, professional and sophisticated country with wide appeal.<sup id="cite_ref-festival_23-0"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saint_Patrick's_Day#cite_note-festival-23">[23]</a></sup></li>
</ul>
</blockquote>
<p>The first Saint Patrick&#8217;s Festival was held on 17 March 1996. In 1997, it became a three-day event, and by 2000 it was a four-day event. By 2006, the festival was five days long; more than 675,000 people attended the 2009 parade. Overall 2009&#8217;s five-day festival saw close to 1 million visitors, who took part in festivities that included concerts, outdoor theatre performances, and fireworks.<sup id="cite_ref-24"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saint_Patrick's_Day#cite_note-24">[24]</a></sup> <a title="Skyfest" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Skyfest">Skyfest</a> forms the centrepiece of the festival.</p>
<p>The topic of the 2004 Saint Patrick&#8217;s Symposium was &#8220;Talking Irish&#8221;, during which the nature of Irish identity, economic success, and the future were discussed. Since 1996, there has been a greater emphasis on celebrating and projecting a fluid and inclusive notion of &#8220;Irishness&#8221; rather than an identity based around traditional religious or ethnic allegiance. The week around Saint Patrick&#8217;s Day usually involves <a title="Irish language" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Irish_language">Irish language</a> speakers using more Irish during <i><a title="Seachtain na Gaeilge" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Seachtain_na_Gaeilge">Seachtain na Gaeilge</a></i> (&#8220;Irish Language Week&#8221;).<sup>[<i><a title="Wikipedia:Citation needed" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed">citation needed</a></i>]</sup></p>
<p>As well as Dublin, many other cities, towns, and villages in <a title="Ireland" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ireland">Ireland</a> hold their own parades and festivals, including <a title="Cork (city)" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cork_(city)">Cork</a>, <a title="Belfast" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Belfast">Belfast</a>, <a title="Derry" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Derry">Derry</a>,<a title="Galway" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Galway">Galway</a>, <a title="Kilkenny" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kilkenny">Kilkenny</a>, <a title="Limerick" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Limerick">Limerick</a>, and <a title="Waterford" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Waterford">Waterford</a>.</p>
<p>The biggest celebrations outside Dublin are in <a title="Downpatrick" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Downpatrick">Downpatrick</a>, <a title="County Down" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/County_Down">County Down</a>, where Saint Patrick is rumoured to be buried. In 2004, according to <a title="Down District Council" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Down_District_Council">Down District Council</a>, the week-long Saint Patrick&#8217;s Festival had more than 2,000 participants and 82 floats, bands, and performers and was watched by more than 30,000 people.<sup>[<i><a title="Wikipedia:Citation needed" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed">citation needed</a></i>]</sup></p>
<p>The shortest St Patrick&#8217;s Day parade in the world takes place in <a title="Dripsey" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dripsey">Dripsey</a>, <a title="County Cork" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/County_Cork">Cork</a>. The parade lasts just 100 yards and travels between the village&#8217;s two pubs.<sup id="cite_ref-25"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saint_Patrick's_Day#cite_note-25">[25]</a></sup></p>
<p>Christian leaders in Ireland have expressed concern about the secularisation of St Patrick&#8217;s Day. In The Word magazine&#8217;s March 2007 issue, Fr. <a title="Vincent Twomey" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vincent_Twomey">Vincent Twomey</a> wrote, &#8220;It is time to reclaim St Patrick&#8217;s Day as a church festival.&#8221; He questioned the need for &#8220;mindless alcohol-fuelled revelry&#8221; and concluded that &#8220;it is time to bring the piety and the fun together.&#8221;<sup id="cite_ref-26"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saint_Patrick's_Day#cite_note-26">[26]</a></sup></p>
<h4><span style="text-decoration: underline;">Argentina</span></h4>
<p>In Buenos Aires, a party is held in the downtown street of Reconquista, where there are several Irish pubs;<sup id="cite_ref-27"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saint_Patrick's_Day#cite_note-27">[27]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-28"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saint_Patrick's_Day#cite_note-28">[28]</a></sup> in 2006, there were 50,000 people in this street and the pubs nearby.<sup id="cite_ref-29"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saint_Patrick's_Day#cite_note-29">[29]</a></sup> Neither the Catholic Church nor the <a title="Irish settlement in Argentina" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Irish_settlement_in_Argentina">Irish community</a>, the fifth largest in the world outside Ireland,<sup id="cite_ref-30"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saint_Patrick's_Day#cite_note-30">[30]</a></sup> take part in the organisation of the parties.</p>
<h4><span style="text-decoration: underline;">Canada</span></h4>
<p>One of the longest-running and largest Saint Patrick&#8217;s Day parades in North America occurs each year in <a title="Montreal" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Montreal">Montreal</a>, whose <a title="Flag of Montreal" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flag_of_Montreal">city flag</a> includes a <a title="Shamrock" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shamrock">shamrock</a> in its lower-right quadrant. The annual celebration has been organized by the United Irish Societies of Montreal since 1929. The parade has been held annually without interruption since 1824, However, St. Patrick&#8217;s Day itself has been celebrated in Montreal as far back as 1759 by Irish soldiers in the Montreal Garrison following the British conquest of New France.</p>
<p>In <a title="Manitoba" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Manitoba">Manitoba</a>, the Irish Association of Manitoba runs an annual three-day festival of music and culture based around Saint Patrick&#8217;s Day.<sup id="cite_ref-31"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saint_Patrick's_Day#cite_note-31">[31]</a></sup></p>
<p>In 2013, the CelticFest Vancouver Society organised an annual festival in downtown Vancouver to celebrate the <a title="Celtic Nations" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Celtic_Nations">Celtic Nations</a> and their culture. This event, which includes a parade, occurs the weekend closest to Saint Patrick&#8217;s Day.<sup id="cite_ref-32"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saint_Patrick's_Day#cite_note-32">[32]</a></sup></p>
<p>In <a title="Quebec City" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quebec_City">Quebec City</a>, there was a parade from 1837 to 1926. The <a title="Quebec City St-Patrick Parade" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quebec_City_St-Patrick_Parade">Quebec City St-Patrick Parade</a> returned in 2010 after an absence of more than 84 years. For the occasion, a portion of the New York Police Department Pipes and Drums were present as special guests.</p>
<p>There has been a parade held in Toronto since at least 1863.<sup id="cite_ref-33"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saint_Patrick's_Day#cite_note-33">[33]</a></sup> The <a title="Toronto Maple Leafs" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Toronto_Maple_Leafs">Toronto Maple Leafs</a> hockey team was known as the <a title="Toronto St. Patricks" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Toronto_St._Patricks">Toronto St. Patricks</a> from 1919 to 1927, and wore green jerseys. In 1999, when the Maple Leafs played on Saint Patrick&#8217;s Day, they wore green Saint Patrick&#8217;s retro uniforms. There is a large parade in the city&#8217;s downtown core on the Sunday prior to 17 March which attracts over 100,000 spectators.<sup>[<i><a title="Wikipedia:Citation needed" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed">citation needed</a></i>]</sup></p>
<p>Some groups, notably <a title="Guinness" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guinness">Guinness</a>, have lobbied to make Saint Patrick&#8217;s Day a national holiday.<sup id="cite_ref-34"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saint_Patrick's_Day#cite_note-34">[34]</a></sup></p>
<p>In March 2009, the <a title="Calgary Tower" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Calgary_Tower">Calgary Tower</a> changed its top exterior lights to new green CFL bulbs just in time for Saint Patrick&#8217;s Day. Part of an environmental non-profit organisation&#8217;s campaign (Project Porchlight), the green represented environmental concerns. Approximately 210 lights were changed in time for Saint Patrick&#8217;s Day, and resembled a <a title="Leprechaun" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leprechaun">Leprechaun</a>&#8216;s hat. After a week, white CFLs took their place. The change was estimated to save the Calgary Tower some $12,000 and reduce greenhouse gas emissions by 104 tonnes.<sup id="cite_ref-35"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saint_Patrick's_Day#cite_note-35">[35]</a></sup></p>
<h4><span style="text-decoration: underline;">Great Britain</span></h4>
<p>In <a title="Great Britain" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Great_Britain">Great Britain</a>, <a title="Queen Elizabeth The Queen Mother" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Queen_Elizabeth_The_Queen_Mother">Queen Elizabeth The Queen Mother</a> used to present bowls of shamrock flown over from Ireland to members of the <a title="Irish Guards" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Irish_Guards">Irish Guards</a>, a regiment in the <a title="British Army" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/British_Army">British Army</a> consisting primarily of soldiers from both <a title="Northern Ireland" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Northern_Ireland">Northern Ireland</a> and the Republic of Ireland. The Irish Guards still wear shamrock on this day, flown in from Ireland.<sup id="cite_ref-36"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saint_Patrick's_Day#cite_note-36">[36]</a></sup></p>
<p><a title="Christian denominations" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Christian_denominations">Christian denominations</a> in Great Britain observing his <a title="Feast day" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Feast_day">feast day</a> include <a title="The Church of England" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Church_of_England">The Church of England</a> and the Roman Catholic Church.<sup id="cite_ref-Irish_and_non-Irish_celebrants_37-0"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saint_Patrick's_Day#cite_note-Irish_and_non-Irish_celebrants-37">[37]</a></sup></p>
<p>Horse racing at the <a title="Cheltenham Festival" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cheltenham_Festival">Cheltenham Festival</a> attracts large numbers of Irish people, both residents of Britain and many who travel from Ireland, and usually coincides with Saint Patrick&#8217;s Day.<sup id="cite_ref-38"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saint_Patrick's_Day#cite_note-38">[38]</a></sup></p>
<p><a title="Birmingham" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Birmingham">Birmingham</a> holds the largest Saint Patrick&#8217;s Day parade in Britain with a city centre parade<sup id="cite_ref-39"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saint_Patrick's_Day#cite_note-39">[39]</a></sup> over a two-mile (3 km) route through the city centre. The organisers describe it as the third biggest parade in the world after Dublin and New York.<sup id="cite_ref-40"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saint_Patrick's_Day#cite_note-40">[40]</a></sup></p>
<p>London, since 2002, has had an annual Saint Patrick&#8217;s Day parade which takes place on weekends around the 17th, usually in Trafalgar Square. In 2008 the water in the Trafalgar Square fountains was dyed green.</p>
<p><a title="Liverpool" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Liverpool">Liverpool</a> has the highest proportion of residents with Irish ancestry of any English city.<sup id="cite_ref-41"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saint_Patrick's_Day#cite_note-41">[41]</a></sup> This has led to a long-standing celebration on St Patrick&#8217;s Day in terms of music, cultural events and the parade.</p>
<p><a title="Manchester" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Manchester">Manchester</a> hosts a two-week Irish festival in the weeks prior to St Patrick&#8217;s Day. The festival includes an Irish Market based at the city&#8217;s town hall which flies the Irish tricolour opposite the Union Flag, a large parade as well as a large number of cultural and learning events throughout the two-week period.<sup id="cite_ref-42"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saint_Patrick's_Day#cite_note-42">[42]</a></sup></p>
<p>The Scottish town of <a title="Coatbridge" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coatbridge">Coatbridge</a>, where the majority of the town&#8217;s population are of Irish descent,<sup>[<i><a title="Wikipedia:Citation needed" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed">citation needed</a></i>]</sup> also has a <a title="Coatbridge Irish" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coatbridge_Irish">Saint Patrick&#8217;s Day Festival</a> which includes celebrations and parades in the town centre.<sup>[<i><a title="Wikipedia:Citation needed" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed">citation needed</a></i>]</sup></p>
<p><a title="Glasgow" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glasgow">Glasgow</a> has a considerably large Irish population; due, for the most part, to the Irish immigration during the 19th century. This immigration was the main cause in raising the population of Glasgow by over 100,000 people.<sup id="cite_ref-43"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saint_Patrick's_Day#cite_note-43">[43]</a></sup> Due to this large Irish population, there is a considerable Irish presence in Glasgow with many Irish theme pubs and Irish interest groups who run annual celebrations on St Patrick&#8217;s day in Glasgow. Glasgow began an annual Saint Patrick&#8217;s Day parade and festival in 2007.<sup>[<i><a title="Wikipedia:Citation needed" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed">citation needed</a></i>]</sup></p>
<h4><span style="text-decoration: underline;">International Space Station</span></h4>
<p>Astronauts on board the <a title="International Space Station" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_Space_Station">International Space Station</a> have celebrated the festival in different ways. Irish-American <a title="Catherine Coleman" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Catherine_Coleman">Catherine Coleman</a>played a hundred-year-old flute belonging to <a title="Matt Molloy" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Matt_Molloy">Matt Molloy</a> and a tin whistle belonging to <a title="Paddy Maloney" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paddy_Maloney">Paddy Maloney</a>, both members of the Irish music group <a title="The Chieftains" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Chieftains">The Chieftains</a>, while floating weightless in the space station on Saint Patrick&#8217;s Day in 2011.<sup id="cite_ref-44"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saint_Patrick's_Day#cite_note-44">[44]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-45"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saint_Patrick's_Day#cite_note-45">[45]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-46"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saint_Patrick's_Day#cite_note-46">[46]</a></sup> Her performance was later included in a track called &#8220;The Chieftains In Orbit&#8221; on the group&#8217;s album, <i><a title="Voice of Ages" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Voice_of_Ages">Voice of Ages</a></i>.<sup id="cite_ref-47"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saint_Patrick's_Day#cite_note-47">[47]</a></sup></p>
<p><a title="Chris Hadfield" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chris_Hadfield">Chris Hadfield</a> took photographs of Ireland from earth orbit, and a picture of himself wearing green clothing in the space station, and posted them online on Saint Patrick&#8217;s Day in 2013. He also posted online a recording of himself singing <i><a title="Danny Boy" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Danny_Boy">Danny Boy</a></i> in space.<sup id="cite_ref-48"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saint_Patrick's_Day#cite_note-48">[48]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-49"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saint_Patrick's_Day#cite_note-49">[49]</a></sup></p>
<h4><span style="text-decoration: underline;">Japan</span></h4>
<p>Saint Patrick&#8217;s Parades are now held in many locations across Japan.<sup id="cite_ref-url2013_St_Patricks_Day_Parades_in_Japan_50-0"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saint_Patrick's_Day#cite_note-url2013_St_Patricks_Day_Parades_in_Japan-50">[50]</a></sup> The first parade, in Tokyo, was organised by The Irish Network Japan (INJ) in 1992. Nowadays parades and other events related to Saint Patrick&#8217;s Day spread across almost the entire month of March.</p>
<h4><span style="text-decoration: underline;">Malaysia</span></h4>
<p>The St. Patrick&#8217;s Society of Selangor, which has been in existence since 1925, organises the annual St. Patrick&#8217;s Ball, the biggest St Patrick&#8217;s Day celebration in Asia. <a title="Guinness Anchor Berhad" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guinness_Anchor_Berhad">Guinness Anchor Berhad</a> also organises 36 parties across the country in places like the <a title="Klang Valley" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Klang_Valley">Klang Valley</a>,<a title="Penang" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Penang">Penang</a>, <a title="Johor Bahru" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Johor_Bahru">Johor Bahru</a>, <a title="Malacca" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malacca">Malacca</a>, <a title="Ipoh" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ipoh">Ipoh</a>, <a title="Kuantan" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kuantan">Kuantan</a>, <a title="Kota Kinabalu" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kota_Kinabalu">Kota Kinabalu</a>, <a title="Miri" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Miri">Miri</a> and <a title="Kuching" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kuching">Kuching</a>.</p>
<h4><span style="text-decoration: underline;">Montserrat</span></h4>
<p>The tiny island of <a title="Montserrat" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Montserrat">Montserrat</a> is known as &#8220;Emerald Island of the <a title="Caribbean Sea" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Caribbean_Sea">Caribbean</a>&#8221; because of its founding by Irish refugees from Saint Kitts and Nevis. Along with Ireland and the Canadian province of <a title="Newfoundland and Labrador" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Newfoundland_and_Labrador">Newfoundland and Labrador</a>, St Patrick&#8217;s Day is a public holiday. The holiday also commemorates a failed slave uprising that occurred on 17 March 1768.<sup id="cite_ref-51"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saint_Patrick's_Day#cite_note-51">[51]</a></sup></p>
<h4><span style="text-decoration: underline;">Russia</span></h4>
<p>The first Saint Patrick&#8217;s Day parade took place in Russia in 1992.<sup id="cite_ref-52"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saint_Patrick's_Day#cite_note-52">[52]</a></sup> Since 1999, there is an annual international &#8220;Saint Patrick&#8217;s Day&#8221; festival in Moscow and other Russian cities. The Moscow parade has both official and unofficial parts.<sup>[<i><a title="Wikipedia:Citation needed" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed">citation needed</a></i>]</sup> The first seems like a military parade and is performed in collaboration with the Moscow government and the Irish embassy in Moscow. The <i>unofficial</i> parade is performed by volunteers and seems more like a carnival and show with juggling, stilts, jolly-jumpers and Celtic music.</p>
<h4><span style="text-decoration: underline;">South Korea</span></h4>
<p>The Irish Association of Korea has celebrated Saint Patrick&#8217;s Day since 1976 in <a title="Seoul" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Seoul">Seoul</a> (the capital city of South Korea). The place of parade and festival has been moved from<a title="Itaewon" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Itaewon">Itaewon</a> and <a title="Daehangno" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Daehangno">Daehangno</a> to <a title="Cheonggyecheon" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cheonggyecheon">Cheonggyecheon</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-53"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saint_Patrick's_Day#cite_note-53">[53]</a></sup></p>
<h4><span style="text-decoration: underline;">Switzerland</span></h4>
<p>While Saint Patrick&#8217;s Day in Switzerland is commonly celebrated on 17 March with festivities similar to those in neighbouring central European countries, it is not unusual for Swiss students to organise celebrations in their own living spaces on Saint Patrick&#8217;s Eve. Most popular are usually those in Zurich&#8217;s <a title="Aussersihl" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aussersihl">Kreis 4</a>. Traditionally, guests also contribute with beverages and dress accordingly in green.<sup id="cite_ref-54"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saint_Patrick's_Day#cite_note-54">[54]</a></sup></p>
<h4><span style="text-decoration: underline;">United States</span></h4>
<div>Main article: <a title="Saint Patrick's Day in the United States" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saint_Patrick%27s_Day_in_the_United_States">Saint Patrick&#8217;s Day in the United States</a></div>
<p>Saint Patrick&#8217;s Day, while not a legal holiday in most of the United States, is nonetheless widely recognised and celebrated throughout the country. 17 March is officially recognised as <a title="Evacuation Day (Massachusetts)" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Evacuation_Day_(Massachusetts)">Evacuation Day</a> in parts of Massachusetts, and St. Patrick&#8217;s Day is an official holiday in <a title="Chatham County, Georgia" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chatham_County,_Georgia">Chatham County, Georgia</a>. The day is observed as a celebration of Irish and Irish American culture. Celebrations include prominent displays of the colour green, eating and drinking, religious observances, and numerous parades. The holiday has been celebrated on the North American continent since the late eighteenth century.</p>
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